Multipart upload allows you to upload a single object as a set of parts. Each part is a contiguous portion of the object's data. You can upload these object parts independently and in any order. If transmission of any part fails, you can retransmit that part without affecting other parts. After all parts of your object are uploaded, Amazon S3 assembles these parts and creates the object. In general, when your object size reaches 100 MB, you should consider using multipart uploads instead of uploading the object in a single operation.
If you are using a multipart upload with additional checksums, the multipart part numbers must use consecutive part numbers. When using additional checksums, if you try to complete a multipart upload request with nonconsecutive part numbers, Amazon S3 generates HTTP 500 Internal Server Error error.
How to upload a large file to Amazon S3 with encryption using an AWS KMS key
To perform a multipart upload with encryption using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) KMS key, the requester must have permission to the kms:Decrypt and kms:GenerateDataKey actions on the key. These permissions are required because Amazon S3 must decrypt and read data from the encrypted file parts before it completes the multipart upload.
Amazon S3 now applies server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) as the base level of encryption for every bucket in Amazon S3. Starting January 5, 2023, all new object uploads to Amazon S3 will be automatically encrypted at no additional cost and with no impact on performance. Currently, the automatic encryption status for S3 bucket default encryption configuration and for new object uploads is available in AWS CloudTrail logs, S3 Inventory, and S3 Storage Lens. During the next few weeks, the automatic encryption status will also be rolled out to the Amazon S3 console and as an additional Amazon S3 API response header in the AWS Command Line Interface and AWS SDKs. When this update is complete in all AWS Regions, we will update the documentation. For more information, see Default encryption FAQ.
With Amazon S3 default encryption, you can set the default encryption behavior for an S3 bucket so that all new objects are encrypted when they are stored in the bucket. The objects are encrypted using server-side encryption with either Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) or AWS KMS keys stored in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) (SSE-KMS).
Amazon S3 buckets with default bucket encryption using SSE-KMS cannot be used as destination buckets for Logging requests using server access logging. Only SSE-S3 default encryption is supported for server access log destination buckets.
I'm trying to upload a large file to my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket. In my upload request, I'm including encryption information using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. However, I get an Access Denied error. Meanwhile, when I upload a smaller file with encryption information, the upload succeeds. How can I fix this?
The AWS CLI (aws s3 commands), AWS SDKs, and many third-party programs automatically perform a multipart upload when the file is large. To perform a multipart upload with encryption using an AWS KMS key, the requester must have kms:GenerateDataKey and kms:Decrypt permissions. The kms:GenerateDataKey permissions allow the requester to initiate the upload. With kms:Decrypt permissions, newly uploaded parts can be encrypted with the same key used for previous parts of the same object.
Note: After all the parts are uploaded successfully, the uploaded parts must be assembled to complete the multipart upload operation. Because the uploaded parts are server-side encrypted using a KMS key, object parts must be decrypted before they can be assembled. For this reason, the requester must have kms:Decrypt permissions for multipart upload requests using server-side encryption with KMS CMKs (SSE-KMS).
Then, check the list of actions allowed by the statements associated with your IAM user or role. The list of allowed actions must include kms:Decrypt, using an SSE-KMS, for multipart uploads to work.
In this post, I will walk through a solution that meets these requirements by showing you how to easily encrypt your data loads into Amazon Redshift from end to end, using the server-side encryption features of Amazon S3 coupled with the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS).
Although server-side encryption uses S3 to perform the encryption and decryption process, you can also use client-side encryption (CSE), which means that you perform the encryption in your network before uploading the data to S3. This approach is discussed in more detail in the Amazon Redshift documentation on using client-side encryption for loading.
For S3 buckets with a large number of objects, in the order of millions or billions of objects, using Amazon S3 inventory or Amazon S3 Batch Operations can be a better option than using the AWS CLI instructions in this post. Check out this blog post to learn more about batch operations.
it shows the following error " error occured:when calling the PutObject operation: Server Side Encryption with AWS KMS managed key requires HTTP header x-amz -server-side-encryption : aws:kms"What could possibly be causing this error?
Amazon S3 File Gateway presents a file-based interface to Amazon S3, which appears as a network file share. It enables you to store and retrieve Amazon S3 objects through standard file storage protocols. File Gateway allows your existing file-based applications or devices to use secure and durable cloud storage without needing to be modified. With S3 File Gateway, your configured S3 buckets will be available as Network File System (NFS) mount points or Server Message Block (SMB) file shares. Your applications read and write files and directories over NFS or SMB, interfacing to the gateway as a file server. In turn, the gateway translates these file operations into object requests on your S3 buckets. Your most recently used data is cached on the gateway for low-latency access, and data transfer between your data center and AWS is fully managed and optimized by the gateway. Once in S3, you can access the objects directly or manage them using S3 features such as S3 Lifecycle Policies and S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR). You can run S3 File Gateway on-premises or in EC2.
Use cases for Amazon S3 File Gateway include: (a) migrating on-premises file data to Amazon S3, while maintaining fast local access to recently accessed data, (b) backing up on-premises file data as objects in Amazon S3 (including Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle databases and logs), with the ability to use S3 capabilities such as lifecycle management and cross region replication, and, (c) hybrid cloud workflows using data generated by on-premises applications for processing by AWS services such as machine learning, big data analytics or serverless functions.
You can create an NFS or SMB file share using the AWS Management Console or service API and associate the file share with a new or existing Amazon S3 bucket. To access the file share from your applications, you mount it from your application using standard UNIX or Windows commands. For convenience, example command lines for each environment are shown in the management console.
The object key is derived from the file path within the file system. For example, if you have a gateway with hostname file.amazon.com and have mapped my-bucket/my-prefix, then File Gateway will expose a mount point called file.amazon.com:/export/my-bucket/my-prefix. If you then mount this locally on /mnt/my-bucket/my-prefix and create a file named file.html in a directory /mnt/my-bucket/my-prefix/dir this file will be stored as an object in the bucket my-bucket with a key of my-prefix/dir/file.html. Creating sparse files will result in a non-sparse zero-filled object in S3.
For each file share, you can enable guessing of MIME types for uploaded objects upon creation or enable the feature later. If enabled, File Gateway will use the filename extension to determine the MIME type for the file and set the S3 objects Content-Type accordingly. This is beneficial if you are using File Gateway to manage objects in S3 that you access directly via URL or distribute through Amazon CloudFront.
When you write files to your file share with Amazon S3 File Gateway, the data is stored locally first and then asynchronously uploaded to your S3 bucket. You can request notifications through AWS CloudWatch Events when the upload of an individual file completes. These notifications can be used to trigger additional workflows, such as invoking an AWS Lambda function or Amazon EC2 Systems Manager Automation, which is dependent upon the data that is now available in S3. To learn more, please refer to the documentation for File Upload Notification.
When you write files to your file share with Amazon S3 File Gateway, the data is stored locally first and then asynchronously uploaded to your S3 bucket. You can request notifications through Amazon CloudWatch Events when the upload of a working file set completes. These notifications can be used to trigger additional workflows, such as invoking an AWS Lambda function or Amazon EC2 Systems Manager Automation, which is dependent upon the data that is now available in S3. To learn more, please refer to the documentation for Working File Set Upload Notification.
The maximum size of an individual file is 5 TB, which is the maximum size of an individual object in S3. If you write a file larger than 5 TB, you will get a "file too large" error message and only the first 5 TB of the file will be uploaded.
Many on-premises desktop applications are latency-sensitive, which may cause delays to your end users and slow performance when they are directly accessing files in AWS from remote locations. Additionally, allowing large numbers of users to directly access data in the cloud can cause congestion on your shared bandwidth resources such as AWS Direct Connect links. Amazon FSx File Gateway allows you to use Amazon FSx for Windows File Server for these workloads, and help replace your on-premises storage with fully managed, scalable, and highly reliable file storage in AWS without impacting your applications or network. 2ff7e9595c
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